By PURPLELEC | 28 October 2024 | 0 Comments
What is USB4 protocol
USB4 is a USB system specification released by the USB Developer Forum (USB-IF) on August 29, 2019. Its detailed introduction is as follows:
I. Technical Features
High-speed transmission: The USB4 standard provides a bidirectional data transmission speed of up to 40Gbps (theoretical value, actual may vary due to factors such as devices and cables), which is twice the speed of USB 3.2. At the same time, USB4 also supports 20Gbps throughput, and can achieve higher transmission rates such as 80Gbps (need to use the newly defined 80Gbps USB Type-C active cable) through specific cables and technologies.
Multi-protocol support: USB4 not only supports USB protocol, but also is compatible with other protocols such as PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect) and DisplayPort. This means that the USB4 interface can take on more tasks, not only can it transmit data, but also can support audio and video output, power supply and peripheral connection functions at the same time.
Dynamic resource allocation: USB4 can intelligently allocate bandwidth resources, especially when transmitting video and data at the same time. It can dynamically allocate bandwidth according to actual needs to ensure that the quality of video transmission and data transmission does not affect each other.
Compatibility: USB4 is backward compatible with all previous USB standards (such as USB 2.0, USB 3.0, USB 3.1, USB 3.2, etc.), and is fully compatible with Thunderbolt 3. This means that USB4-enabled devices can use Thunderbolt 3 peripherals and accessories without the need for additional adapters.
II. Key Components and Requirements
USB-C Connector: USB4 requires a USB-C connector and requires support for USB PD (Power Delivery) for power delivery. The dedicated lines in the USB-C connector always support USB 2.0.
Tunneling: USB4 itself does not provide any general data transmission mechanism or device class, but is mainly used to provide tunnels for transmitting other protocols (such as USB 3.2, DisplayPort, and optional PCIe).
Power Requirements: Each interface of the USB4 power supply must provide at least 7.5W (5V, 1.5A) of power. Before USB PD negotiation, the power consumption of USB4 devices needs to be less than 250mA (default), 1.5A or 3A, 5V (this depends on the resistance configuration of USB-C). USB PD can provide up to 100W of power.
III. Application Scenarios and Advantages
High-resolution display connection: USB4's high bandwidth makes it particularly good at connecting to high-resolution displays. With a single USB4 cable, users can connect multiple 4K displays, or even 8K displays, to enjoy a high-definition visual experience. At the same time, it also supports HDR (high dynamic range) for more realistic image quality.
External graphics cards and storage devices: For users who need high-performance graphics processing, USB4 provides convenience for connecting external graphics cards. Through the USB4 interface, users can connect an external GPU to improve the graphics processing capabilities of a laptop or other device. Similarly, USB4 also performs well when transferring large-capacity files, such as when connecting an external SSD hard drive or NAS device, the transmission speed is greatly improved.
Docking station and multitasking: USB4 is compatible with various docking stations and can easily connect multiple external devices, including monitors, keyboards, mice, storage devices, etc. This multitasking capability is particularly critical in modern work environments, especially for users who need to switch tasks frequently. USB4 can ensure stable connection and high-speed transmission of various devices.
Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality: Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) devices usually require high-speed data transmission and high-quality video output. USB4 provides sufficient bandwidth to support the connection of VR/AR devices, ensuring that users can get a smooth immersive experience.
In summary, the USB4 protocol, with its high-speed transmission, multi-protocol support, dynamic resource allocation and wide compatibility, is gradually changing the way modern devices are connected and has a profound impact in many fields.
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