By PURPLELEC | 12 December 2024 | 0 Comments
NVMe Technology: Reshaping Storage Performance and Compatibility
NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express), as an innovative communication interface and driver, is specially designed for SSD (Solid State Drive) and aims to greatly improve storage performance and efficiency. It makes full use of the high-speed bandwidth of the PCIe (PCI Express) slot to achieve a qualitative leap compared with traditional SATA and AHCI (Advanced Host Control Interface).
Excellent performance of NVMe
Data transfer volume: The amount of data transferred by NVMe is 25 times that of the equivalent SATA product, and its command speed is twice that of the AHCI driver command.
IOPS: Input/output operations per second (IOPS) exceeds 1 million, which is 900% of AHCI hard drives. This metric is a key measure of computer storage device performance.
Parallelism and low latency: The NVMe protocol uses a parallel, low-latency basic media data channel similar to a high-performance processor architecture, which significantly improves performance and reduces latency.
Multi-queue design: Supports up to 64,000 I/O queues, each containing 64,000 entries, enabling input/output tasks to transfer more data faster.
NVMe compatibility and wide application
System CPU direct communication: Thanks to its own compatibility, NVMe can communicate directly with the system CPU to achieve amazing speeds.
Operating system compatibility: NVMe hard drives are compatible with all major operating systems and are not limited by appearance size.
Enterprise-level and client applications: Applicable to a wide range of enterprise-level systems and client systems to improve performance and efficiency.
Comparison between PCIe and SATA
Bandwidth difference: PCIe 3.0 has a total throughput rate of 16Gbps, while PCIe 4.0 has twice the throughput rate of PCIe 3.0, providing up to 16 lanes and data transfer speeds of up to 32,000MB/sec. In comparison, SATA III's maximum transfer speed is only 600MB/sec.
Historical development: The first generation of SSD was slower and made it easier to utilize the existing SATA storage infrastructure. However, as SSD technology develops, PCIe becomes a more ideal choice. Although the SATA bus has evolved to 16Gbps, commercial implementations remain at 6Gbps.
NVMe solves bottleneck problem
Old protocol limitations: Previous PCIe storage solutions were bottlenecked by older data transfer protocols such as SATA and AHCI, preventing them from reaching their full potential.
Advantages of NVMe: Provides low-latency commands and 64,000 queues, eliminating various limiting factors. The multi-queue design utilizes chip and block decentralized writing to increase data transfer speeds.
Comparison between AHCI and NVMe
Command queue: NVMe has 64,000 command queues, each queue can send 64,000 commands; while AHCI has only one command queue, and each queue can only send 32 commands.
Latency vs. CPU cycles: NVMe driver commands take advantage of low CPU cycles and have a latency of 2.8 microseconds; while AHCI driver commands take advantage of high CPU cycles and have a latency of 6 microseconds.
IOPS: AHCI's IOPS is up to 100,000, while NVMe's IOPS exceeds 1 million.
The differences between Gen4 and Gen3 NVMe SSD technology
Advantages and Applications of Solid State Drives (SSDs)
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